WORD ORDER IN ENGLISH AND POLISH - SZYK WYRAZÓW W ANGIELSKIM I POLSKIM

MARIAN KLATT

WORD ORDER IN ENGLISH AND POLISH

SZYK WYRAZÓW W ANGIELSKIM I POLSKIM

Praca dyplomowa

CONTENTS
page
Introduction ………………………………………………………………. 3

1. Chapter one. Word order in English from the functional point of view.
1.1. A general outline of word order characteristics ……………... 5
1.2. Clause types …………………………………………………. 5
1.3. Syntactic characterization of clause elements ……………….. 6
1.4. Specification and Setting adverbials ………………………… 9
1.5. Word order position of adverbs ……………………………… 9
1.6. Word order position of adjectives …………………………... 11
1.7. Presentation and predication sentences ……………………... 12
1.8. Theme in English …………………………………………… 13
1.9. Marked and unmarked theme ………………………………. 16
1.10. Given and new information ………………………………… 17
1.11. Clauses without themes …………………………………….. 18
1.11.1. It-constructions …………………………………………….. 19
1.11.2. There-constructions …….……………………………………21
1.12. Stylistically motivated word order ………………………… 23
1.13. Passive in English ………………………………………….. 24
2. Chapter two. Word order in Polish
2.1. General outline of word order ……………………………… 26
2.2. Thematic subjects …………………………………………... 31
2.3. Non-subject nominal themes ………………………………. 33
2.4. Verb in clause-initial position ……………………………… 34
2.5. Word order position of adverbs ……………………………. 36
2.6. Polish adjectives in the sentence …………………………… 39
2.7. Stylistically motivated word order …………………………. 40
2.8. Passive in Polish ……………………………………………. 41
3. Chapter three. Main differences between English and Polish
4. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………. 46
Summary in Polish ……………………………………………………….. 49
References ………………………………………………………………... 52

INTRODUCTION

The aim of this work is to characterize word order phenomena in English and Polish.
„One of the most important features of human language is multifunctionalism of its structure. In other words, particular linguistic structures serve different communicative functions at the same time” (Grzegorek, 1984:5).
In the use of a given sentence in some discourse one can distinguish the following aspects:
1. Information about the state of affairs, (who, what where, etc.);
2. Information about the illocutionary type of the utterance (distinctions between questions, commands, promises, declarations, etc.);
3. Information about the attitude of the speaker towards the facts.
4. Information about the speaker’s point of view and information about identification of the speaker with the participant(s) of the event presented;
5. Information about how a given utterance is related to the utterances preceding and following it;
6. Information how a given utterance is related to extralinguistic context;
7. Information about the presuppositions and speaker’s assumptions about the addressee’s knowledge.
All of these aspects of language use are very important for interpretation
of any sentence or text (see Grzegorek ...