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MODALS
• WYRAŻAJĄ RÓŻNE RZECZY NP. PRAWDOPODIBIEŃSTWO,
UMIEJĘTNOŚĆ ITP.
• ICH FORMA JEST NIEZMIENNA NIEZALEŻNIE OD PODMIOTU
LUB CZASU GRAMATYCZNEGO
• NIE KORZYSTAJĄ Z OPERATORÓW (W PYTANIACH I
PRZECZENIACH NIE UŻYWAMY NP. "DO" LUB "DON'T" ITP.)
• ZAWSZE WYSTĘPUJĄ Z CZASOWNIKIEM GŁÓWNYM NP
"WRITE", "DO" ITP.
• PO "MODALS" CZASOWNIK W FORMIE PODSTAWOWEJ BEZ
"TO"
!!UWAGA!!
HAVE TO
YOU HAVE TO GO TO SCHOOL.
YOU DON'T HAVE TO GO TO SCHOOL.
DO YOU HAVE TO GO TO SCHOOL?
SHE DOESN'T HAVE TO GO TO SCHOOL.
DOES SHE HAVE TO GO TO SCHOOL?
MODALS PRESENT/FUTURE
POSSIBILITY (BYĆ MOŻE/MOŻE)
I MIGHT EAT PIZZA TONIGHT. = I MAY EAT PIZZA TONIGHT. = I COULD EAT PIZZA TONIGHT.
CERTAINTY (NA PEWNO/NA PEWNO NIE)
I'M WAITING FOR A PACKAGE. I HEAR KNOCKING ON THE DOOR. → IT MUST BE A POSTMAN.
I GOT THE PACKAGE YESTERDAY. I'M AT HOME. I HEAR KNOCKING ON THE DOOR. → IT CAN'T
BE A POSTMAN.
MODALS PAST
MODAL + HAVE + VERB III FORM
POSSIBILITY (BYĆ MOŻE/MOŻE)
I WANT TO EAT PIZZA. I GO TO THE FRIDGE BUT THERE'S NO PIZZA. :-(
MY BROTHER MIGHT HAVE EATEN THE PIZZA YESTERDAY. = MY BROTHER MAY HAVE EATEN
THE PIZZA YESTERDAY. = MY BROTHER COULD HAVE EATEN THE PIZZA YESTERDAY.
CERTAINTY (NA PEWNO/NA PEWNO NIE)
I WANT TO EAT PIZZA. I GO TO THE FRIDGE BUT THERE'S NO PIZZA. :-( MY BROTHER LOVES
PIZZA! → MY BROTHER MUST HAVE EATEN THE PIZZA.
I WANT TO EAT PIZZA. I GO TO THE FRIDGE BUT THERE'S NO PIZZA. :-( MY BROTHER HATES
PIZZA! → MY BROTHER CAN'T HAVE EATEN THE PIZZA.
